Calling off Carnaval

You know the situation is serious when Venezuelans call off Carnaval.

This is where Luz Maria stood in line for 11 hours to buy milk

Carnaval is a tradition that Venezuela, like most Latin American countries, inherited from Spain. Much like Mardi Gras in New Orleans, it consists of one last round of feasting and partying before the beginning of Lent, the season of fasting and repentance, begins on Ash Wednesday. In Venezuela, everyone has the day off on Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday and Carnaval is celebrated with parades, costume parties, dancing and the prankish throwing of water-filled balloons. Many of the coastal towns sponsor elaborate Carnaval celebrations.

This year, however, a pall has fallen over Venezuela as the month of February as protests in the streets have claimed 15 lives and left 150 injured throughout Venezuela. Out of respect for the families of the dead, as well as an additional protest against government policy, 14 cities have suspended Carnaval festivities, including Carupano, where civic observance of Carnaval has been uninterrupted for 50 years.

 The current wave of protests began February 12 and have provoked a harsh government crackdown, including tanks and teargas bombs as well as the firing of live ammunition. According to Human Rights Watch, Venezuelan security forces have used excessive and unlawful force against protesters on multiple occasions, including beating detainees and shooting at crowds of unarmed people. The government also has imposed restrictions on travel, and in the state of Tachira, a hotspot of the opposition, suspended the right of citizens to keep and bear arms.

Ironically, one of the protesters' main complaints is the government's failure to stop the rising tide of violent street crime. There was widespread shock throughout the nation last month at the robbery and murder of Monica Spears, a former Miss Venezuela and popular soap opera actress. She and her husband were killed as their five-year-old daughter watched.

Standing in line for milk.

 The rapid deterioration of the Venezuelan economy also is driving the protests. Inflation was high enough at 30 percent, but recently has soared to 56 percent. Shortages of basic food and sanitary products have resulted in Venezuelans having to wait in long lines to buy tightly rationed supplies. Two weeks ago, my wife, Luz Maria stood in line for 11 hours to purchase four kilograms of powdered milk for her grandchildren (powdered milk is an essential element in children's diets here).

The inflation and shortages are the result of government polices that have driven away foreign investment and tourism, and discouraged the growth of home-grown business and industry, while leaving Venezuela more dependent on imported goods than ever before. The situation has reached a crisis point because the suppliers of these imported goods are demanding to be paid in U.S. dollars rather than Venezuelan currency, which is worthless in international markets. Even the Venezuelan government is short on U.S. currency now. Despite its anti-United States rhetoric, the government has relied on the state-owned petroleum industry to generate a steady flow of U.S. currency. however, as a column in Forbes magazine recently pointed out, the United States has been weaning itself away from imported oil, thanks to the development of its own oil shale resources.

Life remains relatively tranquil for us in La Caramuca. For several nights we heard the sound of el cacerolazo, or the banging of kitchen pots and pans in protest of government policy, another Latin American tradition, particularly in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay. The word "cacerolazo" is derived from Spanish "cacerola", which means either "saucepan" or, yes, "casserole." The derivative suffix -azo denotes a hitting (punching or striking) action.

On Sunday, February 23, we expected a visit from Pastor Miguelangel Perez of El Paraiso Lutheran Church in Barquisimeto. However, Miguelangel had been visiting La Fortaleza Lutheran Church in Maracay the day before and was unable to leave Maracay by bus because of government restrictions on transport. We threw an early Carnaval costume party for the preschool children on Wednesday, February 26. All schools have been closed until next Thursday because next Wednesday, Ash Wednesday, also is the first anniversary of the death of former Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez.

We have been praying every Sunday for an end to the violence in Venezuela and the restoration of a just civil order, for wisdom and humility on the part of leaders of all parties, and the illumination of the Gospel in the hearts of people in Venezuela and around the world. We ask that you would do the same. 

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Sojourn in Maracay

From August 20 to 23, 2013, Luz Maria and I attended a short course on ecclesiology (theology of the church) taught by Mark Braden, pastor of historic Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of Detroit, Michigan.

Zion Detroit was founded on June 4, 1882, by a group composed mostly of German immigrants from West Prussia, now a part of Poland (this is the region from which my great-great-grandparents emigrated in 1839). By the early 1890s, the congregation had almost 3,100 parishioners, and was, at the time, the largest congregation in The Lutheran Church Missouri Synod, which it had joined in 1883 (of course, at the time the LCMS was not named the LCMS, but rather the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Other States).
 


Pastor Braden is an adjunct member of the faculties of Concordia Theological Seminary, Fort Wayne, Indiana, and of Concordia University Ann Arbor, Michigan, He teaches Biblical Greek online for the seminary, and New Testament for the university. Pastor Braden speaks fluent Spanish from having spent his childhood in Cadiz, Spain, where his father, an office in the U.S. Navy, was stationed. It always is a privilege to study under qualified instructors provided by the Lutheran Church of Venezuela's Juan de Frias Theological Institute. La Fortaleza Lutheran Church of Maracay, Venezuela, hosted the seminar. This is the church where Luz Maria and I had our marriage solemnized (because in Venezuela, first you are legally married in a civil ceremony and later, if you desire, there is a service of blessing in the church).

Krey challenges delegates to be ‘Baptized for Mercy’

Also, when I first arrived in Venezuela in 2003, I lived in Maracay with Pastor Ted Krey (now LCMS World Missions regional director for Latin America and the Caribbean) and studied Spanish at the Language College. Also at the time, Ross Johnson, who is now director of the LCMS Disaster Response ministry, was serving his vicarage at La Fortaleza Lutheran Church.
Edgar Coronado, the current pastor of La Fortaleza, was one of the first Venezuelans that I met when I toured the country in April 2003, before I began my long-term service that July. So it was with many fond memories that we traveled to Maracay.

Luz Maria and I did a presentation on the pastoral office, comparing the treatment of the subject in John Theodore Mueller' s "Christian Dogmatics" and chapter 6 of Sergio Fritzler's “El Oficio Pastoral”.

Mueller was a professor at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, from 1920 to 1964. His book is an abridged English version of Franz Pieper's classic three-volume work, Christliche Dogmatik. It was the first English translation of Pieper's work, and was, in turn, translated into Spanish by Andrés A. Melendez, founder of the Spanish Lutheran Hour (Cristo Para Todas Las Naciones).

 I remember reading the complete, unabridged English translation of Pieper's work by T. Engelder, J. T. Mueller; and W. W. F. Albrecht in my father's study years ago when I was a boy. It was a major influence on my thinking. Pieper, by the way, was also a native of Pomerania, the land of my ancestors. He was born west of Danzig (now known as Gdansk).

Sergio Fritzler serves as director of Concordia Seminary in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the seminary of la Iglesia Evangélica Luterana Argentina (IELA) (Evangelical Lutheran Church in Argentina). The chapter that we were assigned from Fritzler's book is more of a historical overview in the way perceptions of the pastoral office have changed from the time of Constantine (fourth century A.D.) until the present, while Mueller's handbook of systematic theology deals the topic in a more abstract way.

Nevertheless Luz Maria and I recognized a common theme: We Lutherans believe in apostolic succession, although in a manner different than that of the Roman Catholic Church. Christ Himself instituted the office of pastor to continue the work of the apostles: Preaching and teaching the apostolic doctrine and administering the sacraments. God calls and places men into the ministry of Word and sacrament using the church as an instrument. However, the right of apostolic succession is based on fidelity to the Holy Scriptures, not on an historic episcopate supposedly dating back in an unbroken line to the time of the apostles.

 Luz Maria elected president of women's organization

From Sept. 5 to 8, 2013, Luz Maria attended the national convention of Sociedad Luterana de Damas Venezolanas (SOLUDAVE), the Lutheran Church of Venezuela's women's organization. It took place at a retreat center near Barquisimeto, with the focus being on a study of the prophetess Deborah in the Book of Judges and the role of women in the church. Luz Maria was elected president of the organization.

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